Qurstion :
Who gave Abubakr the nickname “Siddiq” and gave Umar the nickname: “Faruq” ?
Questioner: Suda Amini
Response :
According to the Sahih narrations which are found in many Sunni books, these two blessed titles were among the special titles of Imam Ali, peace be upon him; But Sunnis have tried to convey this virtue to other caliphs. Let’s get through this.
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- 1. Many Sunni scholars including Ibn Majah Qazvini who, in his book Sunan, which is one of the six Sahih books of Ahlus Sunnah, with a Sahih chain of transmission have narrated as such:
عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَأَخُو رَسُولِهِ صَلَّي اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَا الصِّدِّيقُ الْأَكْبَرُ لَا يَقُولُهَا بَعْدِي إِلَّا كَذَّابٌ صَلَّيْتُ قَبْلَ النَّاسِ بِسَبْعِ سِنِينَ .
Abad bin Abdullah says: Ali, peace be upon him, said: I am the servant of God, the brother of the Messenger of God, and the greatest friend. After me, no one will call himself a friend except a liar. I used to pray seven years before others.
📚 Ibn Majah’s Sunan, Vol. 1, p. 44, 📚 Al-Bidayah wa’an-Nihayah, vol. 3, p. 26, 📚 Al-Mustadrak, Hakim Nishaburi, vol. 3 p. 112, 📚 and its summary, written by Dhahabi in the margin of the same page, 📚 Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 56, 📚 Al-Kamil, Ibn al-Athir , vol. 2, p. 57 📚 Faraid al-Sumatin, Hamoini, vol. 1, p. 248, 📚 al-Khasais, Nasa’i, p. 46, with a chain in which all narrations are Thiqa, and al-Khawas’s note, Ibn Juzi, p. 108, and dozens of other sources.
The researcher of Sunan Ibn Majah writes in the following:
في الزوائد : هذا إسناد صحيح . رجاله ثقات . رواه الحاكم في المستدرك عن المنهال . وقال : صحيح علي شرط الشيخين .
(Busiri) narrated this narration in Zawaed (Sunan Ibn Majah) and said: “Its chain is authentic and its narrators are Thiqa (trustworthy).” Also, Hakim Nishaburi narrated it and said: “This narration is valid according to the conditions of Muslim and Bukhari”.
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- 2. Ibn Qutaiba Dinwari writes in his book Al-Ma’arif as such:
عن معاذة بنت عبد الله العدوية سمعت علي بن أبي طالب علي منبر البصرة وهو يقول أنا الصديق الأكبر آمنت قبل ان يؤمن أبو بكر وأسلمت قبل أن يسلم أبو بكر .
Mu’azah, the daughter of Abdullah, says that I heard Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, saying on the pulpit of Basra: “I am Siddiq al-Akbar, I believed before Abu Bakr believed, I embraced Islam before Abu Bakr embraced Islam.”
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- 3. Ibn Marduyeh Isfahani in his book Manaqib – Fakhrazi, Alusi, Abu Hayyan and Jalal al-Din Siyuti in their books of Tafsir – Mu’taqi Hindi in his book Kunz al-Umal – Minawi in his book Faiz al-Qadir, etc., have mentioned that the Prophet, Peace Be Upon Him and His Family, said :
الصديقون ثلاثة : حبيب النجار مؤمن آل ياسين ، وحزبيل مؤمن آل فرعون ، وعلي بن أبي طالب الثالث ، وهو أفضلهم .
There are three Siddiqs: 1. Habib Najjar the Mu’min of the family of Yasin, 2. Ezekiel the Mu’min of the family of Pharaoh, 3. and Ali bin Abi Talib PBUH who is superior to them.
📚 Manaqib Ali (AS) wa ma nazzala al-Quran fi Ali (AS) – Abi Bakr Ahmed Ibn Musa Ibn Mardawiyah Al-Isfahani – p. 331 📚 Al-Jaami al-Saghir – Jalal al-Din Al-Syuti – Vol. 2 – P. 115 📚 Kunz al-Ammal – Al-Muttaqi al-Hindi – Vol. 11 – p. 601 📚 Faiz al-Qadir sharh Al-Jami’ al-Saghir – Al-Manawi – vol. 4 – p. 313 📚 Tafsir al-Razi – al-Razi – vol. 27 – p. 57 📚 Tafsir al-Bahr Al-Muhit – Abi Hayyan al-Andalsi – vol. 7 – p. 442 📚 Tafsir al-Alusi – al-Alusi – vol. 16 – p. 145 📚 Tarikh Madina Al-Damiahq – Ibn Asaker – vol. 42 – p. 43 and vol. 42 – p. 313 📚 al-Munaqib – al-Mufaq al-Khwarizmi – p. 310 and…
If the title of Abu Bakr was Sadiq, the Prophet of Islam should have been remembered and instead of al-Sadiqun Tareeh, he would have said: “Al-Sadiqun Arbaa” and included Abu Bakr in it. Therefore, naming Abu Bakr as Siddiq and limiting Siddiq to those three people does not make Islam Islam.
It is interesting that Jalal al-Din Siyuti, a famous Sunni commentator and writer, in the book of Al-Dur Al-Manthor, and Kunduzhi Hanafi in Yanabie al-Mouda, narrate the same narration with a slight difference from the book of Bukhari’s history as follows.
وأخرج البخاري في تاريخه عن ابن عباس قال قال رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم الصديقون ثلاثة حزقيل مؤمن آل فرعون وحبيب النجار صاحب آل ياسين وعلي بن أبي طالب .
📚 Alder al-Manthor – Jalal al-Din al-Siuti – vol. 5 – p. 262 📚 al-Mouda sources by Al-Qurabi – al-Qanduzi – vol. 2 – p. 400
But when we refer to different versions of Tarikh Saghir and Tarikh Kabir of Mr. Bukhari, we do not find this Ali PBUH have committed against him, and they intended to hide the boundless virtues of Amirul Mu’minin, PBUH, from the eyes of the people. Unaware of the fact that some of their own scholars have seen and quoted this article before them.
Sunni scholars admit that these two nicknames for Abu Bakr and Omar are fake:
On the other hand, many Sunni scholars have admitted that these two titles are not worthy of Abu Bakr and Omar and that the hadith is fake.Ibn Juzi, a famous Sunni scholar, writes in the Book of Topics.
عن أبي الدرداء عن النبي صلي الله عليه وسلم قال : «رأيت ليلة أسري بي في العرش فرندة خضراء فيها مكتوب بنور أبيض : لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله أبو بكر الصديق عمر الفاروق».
Abi Darda narrates from the Prophet of Islam, peace and blessings be upon him , that he said: On the night of Ascension, I saw on the Throne of God on a green tablet with white light, “There is no God but One God, Muhammad, peace be upon him, is his Messenger.” It is Abu Bakr Siddiq and Umar Farooq! .
Later, in the criticism of the narrative, he writes.
هذا حديث لا يصحّ ، والمتّهم به عمر بن إسماعيل قال يحيي : ليس بشئ كذّاب ، دجال ، سوء ، خبيث ، وقال النسائي والدارقطني : متروك الحديث .
📚 Topics, Ibn Juzi, vol. 1, p. 327
This hadith is not authentic, and the one who is accused of it is Omar bin Ismail. Yahya bin Moin said about him: His words are worthless, he is a liar, he is a bad and malicious person. Nasa’i and Darqutani said: His hadith is abandoned.
And he writes in another place.
هذا باطل موضوع وعلي بن جميل كان يضع الحديث … .
📚 Topics, Ibn Juzi, vol. 1, p. 336
This narration is false and fake, and Ali bin Jamil has forged the hadith
And in the third place he says.
هذا حديث لا يصح عن رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم . وأبو بكر الصوفي ومحمد بن مجيب كذابان ، قاله يحيي بن معين .
📚 Topics, Vol. 1, p. 337
This hadith from the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, is not authentic; Because Abu Bakr Sufi and Muhammad bin Mujib are both liars, Yahya bin Mu’in said this.
Haytami also writes after narrating the narration.
رواه الطبراني وفيه علي بن جميل الرقي وهو ضعيف .
📚 Al-Zawaed Collection, Al-Haitami, vol. 9, p. 58
This narration was narrated by Tabarani and its chain of transmission is Ali bin Jamil al-Raqi, and he is weak.
And after reciting it, the Indian devotee says.
كر وفيه محمد بن عامر كذّاب
📚 Kunz al-Umal, vol. 13, p. 236
Ibn Asaker narrated it, and Muhammad Ibn Amer is a liar in its chain of transmission.
After narrating two narrations about this, Ibn Hibban writes.
وهذان خبران باطلان موضوعان لا شكّ فيه ، وله مثل هذا، أشياء كثيرة يطول الكتاب بذكرها .
📚 Book of the Wounded, vol. 2, p. 116
There is no doubt that these two narrations are false and fake. There are many narrations like that, and mentioning all of them will make our book long.
Ibn Hajar Askalani and Shams al-Din Dhahabi also say after narrating the narration.
هذا باطل ، والمتهم به حسين .
📚 Mizan al-Etdal, Dhahabi, vol. 1, p. 540 and Lasan al-Mizan, Ibn Hajar, vol. 2, p. 295
This narration is false and Hossein is accused of it.
And Ibn Kathir Damascus Salafi also says about this.
فإنّه حديث ضعيف في إسناده من تكلم فيه ولا يخلو من نكارة ، والله أعلم .
📚 The beginning and the end, vol. 7, p. 230
This hadith is weak, and in its chain of transmission, there is a person about whom words have been said, and his words are not free of negativity.
For the first time, People of the Book of Omar were called Farooq:
Muhammad bin Saad in al-Tabaq al-Kabri, Ibn Asaker in the history of the city of Damascus, Ibn Athir in Asad al-Ghabari, and Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari in his history write.
قال بن شهاب بلغنا أن أهل الكتاب كانوا أول من قال لعمر الفاروق وكان المسلمون يأثرون ذلك من قولهم ولم يبلغنا أن رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم ذكر من ذلك شيئا .
📚 Al Tabaqari – Muhammad Ibn Saad – Vol. 3 – p. 270 and Tarikh Madinat Damascus – Ibn Asaker – Vol. 44 – P. 51 and Tarikh al-Tabari – Vol. 3 – P. 267 and Asad al-Ghaba – Ibn Al-Athir – Vol. 4 – P. 57
Ibn Shahab says: It has come down to us that the People of the Book were the first to give Omar the title of Farooq, and the Muslims were influenced by their words and used this title for Omar , and there is no mention of the Prophet of Islam, peace and blessings be upon him. We have not received any information about this
And also Ibn Kathir Damascus Salafi in the translation of Umar Ibn al-Khattab in the reliable book “Baddaat al-Nahiya” writes.
عمر بن الخطاب بن نفيل بن عبد العزي … أبو حفص العدوي ، الملقب بالفاروق قيل لقبه بذلك أهل الكتاب
📚 The Beginning and the End – Ibn Kathir – Volume 7 – Page 150
Umar bin Al-Khattab… was nicknamed ‘Farooq’ , they say that the people of the book gave this title to Umar
As a result, the title of “Siddiq” is specific to Amir al-Mu’minin, and everything that the Sunnis have narrated from the Messenger of God (PBUH) about Abu Bakr, has been made up by others. In the same way, the title “Farooq” also belonged to Amir al-Mu’minin (PBUH) and the people of the book (Jews) gave it to the second caliph.
good luck
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